Informative Speech Strokes Of Young Adults - 1239 Words

Danielle Sinquefield Informative Outline Topic: Strokes in Young Adults General Purpose To Inform Specific Purpose: To educate my audience on the causes, symptoms, and preventive measures of strokes in young adults. Thesis: Strokes are commonly associated with old age, symptoms and awareness are often unnoticed in young adults due to ambiguity about strokes. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: As young adults, many of us may feel immune from ailments typically associated with the elderly. However, injuries can be unexpected, my cousin had a stroke at the age of 23. She assumed her headaches, the fuzzy feeling in her eyes, the numbness on her left side and her heart palpitations were due to fatigue. When she tried to get up†¦show more content†¦c. An ischemic stroke is typically caused by a thrombosis, which is a blood clot or an embolism, when the blood clot detaches and infiltrates the blood stream. 2. The second type of stoke is an hemorrhagic stroke a. It occurs due to weakened vessels that burst and bleed into the brain. b. The blood then amasses and constricts adjacent brain tissue. c. Hemorrhagic strokes may be intracerebral (within the brain) or subarachnoid which occur from an aneurysm or atypical blood vessels. 3. Dzevdet Smajlovic, professor from the Department of Neurology at the University of Tuzla in Bosnia stated that a. â€Å"Strokes in young adults [†¦] comprise 10%–15% of all stroke patients, ischemic stroke among young adults was diagnosed in 61% of cases, intracerebral hemorrhage in 17%, and subarachnoid hemorrhage in 22%. Transition: Since strokes are frequently related with old age, symptoms in young adults may be disregarded not only personally, but by doctors as well. B. Medical experts emphasize that medical attention must be received within the first three hours of a stroke to repair blood flow and diminish damage. 1. Aneesh Singhal, MD, author of Recognition and management of stroke in young adults and adolescents, from the Clinical Journal of the American Academy of Neurology states a. â€Å"The symptoms of IS in young adults and adolescents are often similar to those in older patients.† b. â€Å"The diagnosis is straightforward when presented with typicalShow MoreRelatedTraumatic Effects Of Traumatic Brain Injury1278 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual can have after incident. In counseling, it is important for counselors and therapists to help to restore the cognitive, behavioral, and social functions of the individual. These professionals usually work with other providers, such as speech/language therapists, psychiatrists and neurologists. This helps because TBI are usually diagnosed when there is a blow to the head and it results in a disruption in a person’s normal brain functioning. An individual must go through a series of testsRead MoreSpeech1062 Words   |  5 PagesInformative Speech Outline Name Morgan Van Horn Specific Purpose: To Inform about Dreaming Introduction You are trapped in a dark hole screaming for your life, not knowing where or how you got here. Everything around you is fogy that it all starts to fade away and then you wake up with sweat dripping down your back and your heart racing a mile a minute. Five minutes after this dream about half of its content is forgotten and in 10 minutes 90% of it is gone. AccordingRead MoreApplying Clinical Decision Making in Adult Nursing Essay3734 Words   |  15 PagesApplying Clinical Decision Making In Adult Nursing Ahh2036-N This assignment will critically analyse and justify the decisions based around a fictitious patient using a clinical decision making framework highlighting its importance to nursing practice. The chosen model will demonstrate clinical decision making skills in the care planning process. The patient’s condition will be discussed in-depth explaining the pathophysiology, social, cultural and ethical issues where appropriate in theRead More2.2 Apply skills techniques for supporting and encouraging children young people’s positive behaviour.5893 Words   |  24 Pagesï » ¿TDA 2.3: Communication and professional relationships with children, young people adults. 1.1 Describe how to establish respectful, professional relationships with children young people. From the offset, I believe that by introducing yourself with a title and surname, a level of respect is obtained. This can also be continued with the other teachers by allowing the children to hear your title surname being used by them. Encourage correct manners to be used by ‘treating others in a wayRead MoreIdioms in Newspaper Style7428 Words   |  30 Pages†¦.†¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.23 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦25 INTRODUCTION Today the English language is widely spoken throughout the world. It is the language of 21st century the language of informative technologies, so while describing the English language; first of all it should be underlined that the English language is the mother tongue of the global media. 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On the other hand, neuroplasticity continues to be observed even in adults (Kolb amp; Fantie, 1989).[85] The principles of neuroplasticity help us understand how our brains develop to reflect our experiences. For instance, accomplished musiciansRead MoreUnit 4222-201 Introduction to Communication in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings14457 Words   |  58 PagesUnit 4222-201 Introduction to communication in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings 1.1 Identify different reasons why people communicate People communicate for different reasons, to portray their feelings, emotions, pain, opinions, etc. The communication could be professional (formal), or personal (informal). It is important within a social work environment that information is recorded, as it may be called upon for legal reasons. All communications are confidentialRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pages The most glaring example of his innovative translation is the word significate now usually translated by signified (signifià © in French)—which is used throughout the text. Langue and parole have increasingly been translated by language and speech, although this is not an ideal solution. Dà ©couper, translated by Taylor in a number of ways (break up, break down analysis, etc.), would more easily be translated by segmenting when used in the linguistic sense, and by dà ©coupage when used toRead MoreHsm 542 Week 12 Discussion Essay45410 Words   |  182 Pagesthat the staff have an professional development with working lunch. The working lunch would cut back on staff member not able because of child care or schooling. The working lunch would all me as the owner to bring in outside presentors to give informative data and the lastes technology or ethic laws to help the staff and protect the patient for the best health care at my local for success. The working lunch for workshops or training will be schedule  monthly and suggestion of what food choice

Comparing Glaucon s And Socrates Arguments - 1789 Words

In Republic II, Glaucon and Socrates pose the question of whether justice is intrinsically good, or instrumentally good. Further, the two men wish to discover which life is best - the just life or the unjust one. While Glaucon argues that the unjust life is best, Socrates argues that the just life is truly better. In this paper, I will summarize both Glaucon’s and Socrates’ arguments, and provide a critical analysis of the opposing views. Glaucon begins Republic II by describing different types of goods and by placing them into categories beginning with those that are valued for their own sake (Plato 399). In this category what is good is not sought after for its ability to achieve something, but only for its inherent worth as an end in itself. For Glaucon, joy is an intrinsically valuable good that we appreciate merely because it is joyful to have joy. Glaucon describes the next category of goods as those that not only have intrinsic value, but also those that provide an additional service such as health (Plato 399). Lastly, Glaucon describes a category of goods that are valued only for their instrumental ability, and are worthless upon losing said ability. To elaborate on this last category of goods, a hammer is valued not because it is a hammer, but because it can hammer and once it can no longer hammer it is no longer valued. Following this separation of goods, Socrates adopts Glaucon’s view and adds to it a new dynamic by ranking the groups, and placing justice whereShow MoreRelatedSocrates Poet Speech1599 Words   |  7 Pages Socrates criticizes the poet’s speech claiming that it does not have a single purpose other than to entertain, which is not sufficient enough. Socrates concerns himself with corrupt education and wants to ensure that he and the city does everything capable to produce well rounded, fine thinking men. Though he may reject the poet’s use of literary speech, Socrates develops his own type of literary speech to use. He reckons that his own literary speech be used instead since it would be more meaningfulRead MoreThe Criticism Of The Poet s Speech1582 Words   |  7 PagesI need a thesis so bad. Socrates criticizes the poet s’ speech since it does not really have any other purpose than to entertain, that is not a good enough purpose. Socrates concerns himself with corrupt education and wants to ensure that he (and the city; his ideal city real ly) does everything capable to produce well rounded fine thinking men (and women maybe). He reckons that his own literary speech be used instead since it would be more meaningful, and in doing so creates three myths to tellRead MoreLiterary Speech By Socrates1492 Words   |  6 Pages Despite Socrates’ critique of the literary speech of poets, Socrates himself makes use of literary imagery. 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Thrasymachus, Glaucon, and Adeimantus offer counterclaims to Socrates’ argumentRead MorePlatos Philosophy and Works1915 Words   |  8 Pagesafterlife creating a determining myth factor. The prompt invites one to make sense of this contradiction. What is the point of the final myth? What does Plato manage to convey through it that he wasnt able to show or persuade with the philosophical arguments and theory of Books 2-9? You are free to argue pro or contra the relevance of the last chapter to the overall theme of the work. Book X of Platos Republic seems like an abrupt path to take from Books 2-9. Its content serves multiple purposes: toRead MorePlato and Confucius4610 Words   |  19 Pagesdeeply influenced by Confucius’s Analects. David Haberman describes the Republic as ‘one of the most influential books of all time’ (86). And Bryan Van Norden compares (with considerable fervor) the Analects to ‘the combined influence of Jesus and Socrates’ (3). On the surface, there are many similarities between Confucius and Plato. Both taught through means of dialogue, and both expressed reticence to provide direct definitions. Both advocated contemplation and education as the means for moral attainmentRead MoreAnalysis Of Plato s The Cave Essay2307 Words   |  10 Pagessomeone capable of ruling; it is not for the ruler to beg those who need ruling to submit to being ruled, if he in truth confers a benefit. But you will not be mistaken in comparing present-day political rulers to the sailors we just described, and those whom they call useless babbling stargazers to true pilots. (197) In my view Plato s conception of ​​the ideal state is essentially very altruistic, he wants to remove all the suffering of those who live in a society that is not guided by the idea of ​​Good

Analysis of the Social Responsibilities in Business Free Essays

Social responsibility is the concept that business is part of the larger society in which it exists and must therefore act in a way that not only advances the firm, but also serves the society. More than ever firms are being challenged to integrate social responsibilities in to their operations. Many firms now believe that social responsibility to be a lot more than granting money to community groups or volunteering their time to organizations – although these are both important ways that firms support the community. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Social Responsibilities in Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today, business leaders recognize that a commitment to corporate social responsibility can provide distinct advantage in attracting and retaining employees, dealing with suppliers and regulators, strengthening customer relationships and providing positive returns for investors. Let us take a look at some of the social responsibility issues and analyze how businesses are showing their social responsibility. Around the world there are lots of environmental concerns that challenge companies to be better global citizens. Leading companies know that taking a strong role in protecting the environment improves the efficiency of operations and saves money, making a positive impact on business partners, customers and investors. Let us see how socially responsible companies are responding to the environmental concerns. Delphi Automotive Systems is dedicated to protecting human health, natural resources and the global environment. For Delphi, a commitment to environmental management is a critical business strategy. Delphi has certified 15 of its global manufacturing sites under ISO 14001, a global standard that recognizes facilities that have systems in place to proactively manage and reduce their environmental impact. The company is working toward earning this certification for all 168 of its manufacturing facilities around the world over the next three years. John Jaffurs, director, Delphi environmental services, states, â€Å"We want to formally integrate our environmental management into the goals of the business. Delphi is using ISO 14001 and other tools as a means of creating a total environmental management system. This will allow us to integrate operational environmental issues directly into future planning. † Delphi’s involvement in reducing the automobile’s environmental impact began more than 30 years ago with the introduction of the first catalytic converters. Delphi works to reduce emissions, increase fuel economy, decrease vehicle mass and enhance the recyclability of its products. Delphi also believes that the reduction or elimination of materials can go far in helping the environment. Delphi’s E-STEER Electric Power Steering reduces the number of seals and totally eliminates the power steering fluid, hoses and pump from the power steering system. In 1995, 75 percent of all cars sold (approximately 27 million) were equipped with traditional power steering and carried an estimated 40 million liters of hydraulic fluid. This new technology can result in a significant reduction in raw materials, which means less material to recycle or dispose after the life of the product. E-STEER also reduces energy demand by up to 80 percent, resulting in improved fuel economy and reduced vehicle emissions. E-STEER received the 1999 PACE (Premier Automotive Suppliers’ Contribution of Excellence) award from Automotive News and Ernst Young LLP, which recognizes automobile suppliers who have excelled in adapting and reinventing their companies and their products to meet the growing demands of their customers — the world’s major automotive manufacturers. E-STEER is just one example of the many innovative product technologies Delphi can offer to provide environmental solutions to its customers. According to the American Lung Association, motor vehicle emissions account for approximately 77 ercent of the carbon monoxide (CO), more than 35. 6 percent of the volatile organic compounds (including hydrocarbons) and around 45 percent of the nitrogen oxides (NOx) in our nation’s air. With this in mind, car manufacturers like GM, Ford and Honda are now producing and marketing cleaner-burning cars powered by electricity, alternate fuels or a combination of the two. Environmentalists like to refer to these as â€Å"green cars† because they represent an environmentally responsible way to travel in style. Politicians, on the other hand, have begun to see the potential for addressing larger issues. Earlier this year, Representative Robert T. Matsui (D-CA) introduced legislation that would give up to $5,000 per year in consumer tax credits to people with green cars. With this in mind, GM came up with its environment friendly â€Å"EV1†, Ford with its â€Å"Ranger† and Honda with its â€Å"Insight†. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), the nation’s largest electricity producer, has announced that it will begin test-marketing alternative energy sources as early as next year. As phase one of the TVA’s Green Power Program, the test will utilize wind, solar and landfill gas energy sources to generate roughly three to six megawatts of power. Eight distributors, representing all seven of the Tennessee Valley Public Power Association’s districts, have agreed to participate in the test. If the test is successful, TVA customers could see full-scale implementation by the end of 2003. The Green Power Program is the first of its kind in the Southeast. In related news, the TVA received word June 18 that the Department of Energy (DOE) has approved a proposal from the Virginia Alliance for Solar Electricity (VASE) to provide matching funding for the Green Power Program. The TVA’s marketing plan for Green Power represents the fruits of an alternate energy initiative that began in January 1998. At that time, the TVA solicited and received 22 proposals for adding renewable electricity generators to its energy production facilities. Initial research also revealed that 84 percent of TVA customers favored a green power option. In the fall of 1998, the TVA held seven public forums that further confirmed the need for a Green Power. Participants included several members of the environmental community, utility executives, energy experts, healthcare organizations and representatives from citizens’ groups. After the forums, the TVA formed the â€Å"multi-interest team† that was eventually responsible for the 2000 test-marketing plan. As the association of U. S. shareholder-owned electric utilities, Edison Electric Institute (EEI) works with key stakeholder groups, including regulators, legislators and member companies, to achieve environmental excellence. EEI’s Climate Challenge program is a voluntary effort created in partnership with the Department of Energy in response to concerns about global climate change, says spokesman Jim Owen. To date, more than 600 electric utilities participate in the program, which means they have pledged to sequester or avoid 170 million metric tons of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the year 2000. This is more than four times the original goal established by the government in 1993. While some Climate Challenge efforts are undertaken by individual utilities, there are five industry-wide initiatives in place as well. These include Envirotech Investment Funds, which provide venture capital for emerging renewable technologies; the Utility Forest Carbon Management program, which funds tree planting and forest management projects; the National Earth Comfort Program, which promotes geothermal heat pumps; EV America, which introduces electric vehicles into the marketplace; and International Utility Efficiency Partner-ships, which support joint projects with foreign utilities and governments to provide efficiency of new or existing power systems. According to the Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration, electric utilities represent almost 85 percent of the voluntary actions to reduce, avoid or sequester greenhouse gases. In addition, electric utilities have made significant progress in restoring aquatic habitats, protecting endangered species and generating renewable energy, says Owen Bridging the gap between school and work is another critical link that companies are focusing on. The national organization Jobs for the Future (JFF) was founded in 1983 to help prepare tomorrow’s workforce and smooth the transition from school to work. Ford†s Contribution in developing tomorrow’s workforce Ford Foundation, is an initiative that seeks to create a measurable increase in jobs, wealth, services and other community infrastructure through increased corporate involvement in community economic development. JFF works with the initiative’s many partners, whose collective experience and expertise cover community and economic development, national and international business and education to achieve these goals. One of JFF’s major corporate partners is the Ford Motor Company. The two organizations have developed a relationship in which they exchange expertise and experience that allow both to enhance their individual programs. â€Å"In today’s rapidly changing economy, schools alone cannot effectively prepare young people for a successful future,† explains Hilary Pennington, president of Jobs for the Future. â€Å"Academic standards are only part of the equation. Young people need the chance to apply what they’ve learned to new situations, and what happens in the real world is hard to simulate in school. We try to build partnerships between companies and schools to give kids opportunities to expand their learning experience. The Ford program is a splendid example of this type of partnership. † Ford has created several innovative education initiatives that â€Å"are helping us create a pipeline — for employees and suppliers, as well as a consumer base for our products,† says Renee Lerche, director, workforce development, Ford Motor Company. For example, the Ford Academy of Manufacturing Sciences (FAMS) is an academic- and work-based program in public high schools. The program’s goals are to provide students the opportunity to learn science, math, technology and communications skills in real-life settings and encourage them to pursue secondary education. Ford trains high school teachers, who teach the manufacturing-oriented courses to 11th or 12th grade students (participants take two courses through Ford each year). An internship during the summer between 11th and 12th grade provides work experience as well. The program serves as a way not only to attract future employees to Ford, says Lerche, but also as a way to draw customers for its cars and trucks. We don’t have concrete evidence that if you do these things, people buy your products. However, these activities do influence perception of our commitment to the communities in which we do business,† says Lerche. Issues such as environmental protection, education and community support are critical to companies that want to gain the trust and loyalty of their constituents. The companies profiled here understand that corporate social responsibility offers clear business benefits for all stakeholders. How to cite Analysis of the Social Responsibilities in Business, Essay examples Analysis of the Social Responsibilities in Business Free Essays Social responsibility is the concept that business is part of the larger society in which it exists and must therefore act in a way that not only advances the firm, but also serves the society. More than ever firms are being challenged to integrate social responsibilities in to their operations. Many firms now believe that social responsibility to be a lot more than granting money to community groups or volunteering their time to organizations – although these are both important ways that firms support the community. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Social Responsibilities in Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today, business leaders recognize that a commitment to corporate social responsibility can provide distinct advantage in attracting and retaining employees, dealing with suppliers and regulators, strengthening customer relationships and providing positive returns for investors. Let us take a look at some of the social responsibility issues and analyze how businesses are showing their social responsibility. Around the world there are lots of environmental concerns that challenge companies to be better global citizens. Leading companies know that taking a strong role in protecting the environment improves the efficiency of operations and saves money, making a positive impact on business partners, customers and investors. Let us see how socially responsible companies are responding to the environmental concerns. Delphi Automotive Systems is dedicated to protecting human health, natural resources and the global environment. For Delphi, a commitment to environmental management is a critical business strategy. Delphi has certified 15 of its global manufacturing sites under ISO 14001, a global standard that recognizes facilities that have systems in place to proactively manage and reduce their environmental impact. The company is working toward earning this certification for all 168 of its manufacturing facilities around the world over the next three years. John Jaffurs, director, Delphi environmental services, states, â€Å"We want to formally integrate our environmental management into the goals of the business. Delphi is using ISO 14001 and other tools as a means of creating a total environmental management system. This will allow us to integrate operational environmental issues directly into future planning.† Delphi’s involvement in reducing the automobile’s environmental impact began more than 30 years ago with the introduction of the first catalytic converters. Delphi works to reduce emissions, increase fuel economy, decrease vehicle mass and enhance the recyclability of its products. Delphi also believes that the reduction or elimination of materials can go far in helping the environment. Delphi’s E-STEER Electric Power Steering reduces the number of seals and totally eliminates the power steering fluid, hoses and pump from the power steering system. In 1995, 75 percent of all cars sold (approximately 27 million) were equipped with traditional power steering and carried an estimated 40 million liters of hydraulic fluid. This new technology can result in a significant reduction in raw materials, which means less material to recycle or dispose after the life of the product. E-STEER also reduces energy demand by up to 80 percent, resulting in improved fuel economy and reduced vehicle emissions. E-STEER received the 1999 PACE (Premier Automotive Suppliers’ Contribution of Excellence) award from Automotive News and Ernst Young LLP, which recognizes automobile suppliers who have excelled in adapting and reinventing their companies and their products to meet the growing demands of their customers — the world’s major automotive manufacturers. E-STEER is just one example of the many innovative product technologies Delphi can offer to provide environmental solutions to its customers. According to the American Lung Association, motor vehicle emissions account for approximately 77 percent of the carbon monoxide (CO), more than 35.6 percent of the volatile organic compounds (including hydrocarbons) and around 45 percent of the nitrogen oxides (NOx) in our nation’s air. With this in mind, car manufacturers like GM, Ford and Honda are now producing and marketing cleaner-burning cars powered by electricity, alternate fuels or a combination of the two. Environmentalists like to refer to these as â€Å"green cars† because they represent an environmentally responsible way to travel in style. Politicians, on the other hand, have begun to see the potential for addressing larger issues. Earlier this year, Representative Robert T. Matsui (D-CA) introduced legislation that would give up to $5,000 per year in consumer tax credits to people with green cars. With this in mind, GM came up with its environment friendly â€Å"EV1†, Ford with its â€Å"Ranger† and Honda with its â€Å"Insight†. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), the nation’s largest electricity producer, has announced that it will begin test-marketing alternative energy sources as early as next year. As phase one of the TVA’s Green Power Program, the test will utilize wind, solar and landfill gas energy sources to generate roughly three to six megawatts of power. Eight distributors, representing all seven of the Tennessee Valley Public Power Association’s districts, have agreed to participate in the test. If the test is successful, TVA customers could see full-scale implementation by the end of 2003. The Green Power Program is the first of its kind in the Southeast. In related news, the TVA received word June 18 that the Department of Energy (DOE) has approved a proposal from the Virginia Alliance for Solar Electricity (VASE) to provide matching funding for the Green Power Program. The TVA’s marketing plan for Green Power represents the fruits of an alternate energy initiative that began in January 1998. At that time, the TVA solicited and received 22 proposals for adding renewable electricity generators to its energy production facilities. Initial research also revealed that 84 percent of TVA customers favored a green power option. In the fall of 1998, the TVA held seven public forums that further confirmed the need for a Green Power. Participants included several members of the environmental community, utility executives, energy experts, healthcare organizations and representatives from citizens’ groups. After the forums, the TVA formed the â€Å"multi-interest team† that was eventually responsible for the 2000 test-marketing plan. As the association of U.S. shareholder-owned electric utilities, Edison Electric Institute (EEI) works with key stakeholder groups, including regulators, legislators and member companies, to achieve environmental excellence. EEI’s Climate Challenge program is a voluntary effort created in partnership with the Department of Energy in response to concerns about global climate change, says spokesman Jim Owen. To date, more than 600 electric utilities participate in the program, which means they have pledged to sequester or avoid 170 million metric tons of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the year 2000. This is more than four times the original goal established by the government in 1993. While some Climate Challenge efforts are undertaken by individual utilities, there are five industry-wide initiatives in place as well. These include Envirotech Investment Funds, which provide venture capital for emerging renewable technologies; the Utility Forest Carbon Management program, which funds tree planting and forest management projects; the National Earth Comfort Program, which promotes geothermal heat pumps; EV America, which introduces electric vehicles into the marketplace; and International Utility Efficiency Partner-ships, which support joint projects with foreign utilities and governments to provide efficiency of new or existing power systems. According to the Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration, electric utilities represent almost 85 percent of the voluntary actions to reduce, avoid or sequester greenhouse gases. In addition, electric utilities have made significant progress in restoring aquatic habitats, protecting endangered species and generating renewable energy, says Owen Bridging the gap between school and work is another critical link that companies are focusing on. The national organization Jobs for the Future (JFF) was founded in 1983 to help prepare tomorrow’s workforce and smooth the transition from school to work. Ford†s Contribution in developing tomorrow’s workforce Ford Foundation, is an initiative that seeks to create a measurable increase in jobs, wealth, services and other community infrastructure through increased corporate involvement in community economic development. JFF works with the initiative’s many partners, whose collective experience and expertise cover community and economic development, national and international business and education to achieve these goals. One of JFF’s major corporate partners is the Ford Motor Company. The two organizations have developed a relationship in which they exchange expertise and experience that allow both to enhance their individual programs. â€Å"In today’s rapidly changing economy, schools alone cannot effectively prepare young people for a successful future,† explains Hilary Pennington, president of Jobs for the Future. â€Å"Academic standards are only part of the equation. Young people need the chance to apply what they’ve learned to new situations, and what happens in the real world is hard to simulate in school. We try to build partnerships between companies and schools to give kids opportunities to expand their learning experience. The Ford program is a splendid example of this type of partnership.† Ford has created several innovative education initiatives that â€Å"are helping us create a pipeline — for employees and suppliers, as well as a consumer base for our products,† says Renee Lerche, director, workforce development, Ford Motor Company. For example, the Ford Academy of Manufacturing Sciences (FAMS) is an academic- and work-based program in public high schools. The program’s goals are to provide students the opportunity to learn science, math, technology and communications skills in real-life settings and encourage them to pursue secondary education. Ford trains high school teachers, who teach the manufacturing-oriented courses to 11th or 12th grade students (participants take two courses through Ford each year). An internship during the summer between 11th and 12th grade provides work experience as well. The program serves as a way not only to attract future employees to Ford, says Lerche, but also as a way to draw customers for its cars and trucks. â€Å"We don’t have concrete evidence that if you do these things, people buy your products. However, these activities do influence perception of our commitment to the communities in which we do business,† says Lerche. Issues such as environmental protection, education and community support are critical to companies that want to gain the trust and loyalty of their constituents. The companies profiled here understand that corporate social responsibility offers clear business benefits for all stakeholders. How to cite Analysis of the Social Responsibilities in Business, Papers

College Costs Essay Example For Students

College Costs Essay College CostsIntroductionIts no secret that financing a college education is gettingtougher. College costs have skyrocketed over the past decade or so, and theresno relief in sight. Average tuition at four-year colleges will increase 7percent this school year, double the rate of inflation. Student aid is notincreasing fast enough to plug the growing gap between tuition and familyfinances. In addition, there is a growing number of older students enteringcollege today. These students have families that they need to support. I know,because I am a family man who has returned to school. I wish to finish mydegree at the Rochester Institute of Technology. The only problems I face arefinancial in nature. It is with this in mind that I set about this research. Thenot so simple question: Is financial aid available to older students, and if so,how do they go about obtaining it?The Cost Of EducationThe cost of higher education varies by type of institution. Tuition is highest at private 4-year institutions, and lowest at public 2-yearinstitutions. The private 4-year colleges nearly quadrupled their averagetuition rates between 1975 and 1996. For private 4-year colleges, tuition andfees for the 1995-96 academic year averaged about $15,400, compared with about$5006 at public 4-year colleges. The cost of attending an institution of highereducation includes not only tuition and fees, however, but also books andsupplies, transportation, personal expenses and, sometimes, room and board. Although tuition and fees generally are substantially lower at publicinstitutions than at private ones, the other student costs are about the same. According to MS-Encarta94,the average cost for tuition, fees, and room andboard for the 1995-96 academic year at private 4-year colleges was about $20,165. At public 4-year colleges the average combined cost was about $9290 (Encarta94). The cost of attending RIT is approximately $15700 per year. Thisdoes not include room and board, or books, and supplies . This cost falls inline with the national average. However , according to Rachel Shuman of the RITFinancial Aid Department,the increase in cost at RIT was 4.8 percent for the1996-97 academic year over the 1995-96 academic year. This falls 2.2 percentbelow the national average for 4 year private institutions. Still, $15700 is alot of dollars for an unemployed family man or woman with little or no income. The Cost Of Living FactorThough the Cost Of Living is not directly related to tuition itis still a major player in the decision making process. Is it possible tomaintain a family financial structure while paying for an education? The cost ofa mortgage, or rent, and other bills that are associated with living adds up tomany thousands of dollars per year. These costs in addition to what the tuition,books, and supplies total are expected, and have to be dealt with. The financial burden alone can seem over-whelming to some. Butlet us consider what the total cost of living and attending a four year privateinstitution are. The Bureau of Census statistics for the County of Monroeindicate that the approximate average income for a family of four is $50964. The poverty level for a family of four is approximately $15455. These arestatistics calculated for the 1995 calendar year. No newer statistics wereavailable. With these statistics in mind we can then determine the financialmodel we must follow. This model will determine what the total yearly outlay afamily of four must shoulder in order to send a person to RIT. The Financial BurdenFirst and foremost a family has to live. The Census dataindicates that the minimum a family must earn is a poverty level income. So,lets assume a family needs $16000 per year for living expenses. The cost ofattending RIT is $15651 per year. Books and supplies are approximately $1200 peryear. Finally, travel expenses will be approximately $500 per year. I amassuming that one spouse will be working to cover the living expenses. So, I amexcluding medical and dental costs. These costs are partially or fully coveredby an employer. In the event they are not let us include them in the povertyscenario, which basica lly means the family must pay the costs. .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4 , .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4 .postImageUrl , .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4 , .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4:hover , .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4:visited , .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4:active { border:0!important; } .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4:active , .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4 .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubc2140e661dbd89d6d27428954fb3be4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Canterbury Tales Essay PromptsThe total amount of funds needed are $17700 the first year. Ifyou increase that number by 4.8% each year thereafter you can come up with theprojected amount for each school year.The $17700 figure remains the obstacle toovercome. This cost has to be

Love What Is It Essays - Oaths, Scout Promise, Wings Of Heaven

Love: What Is It Love: What is it? Love, what is it? To many people love means many things. To others, to love is to place their happiness in one another. Others love can be how they feel about that special someone. I'm not talking about the fatherly love or that motherly love. I'm talking about the love that you feel towards someone. That special someone that you could possibly spend the rest of your life with. Webster defines love as a strong feeling of attraction resulting from sexual desire; enthusiasm or fondness. But to me love is not just a feeling, but it is the way that you treat that special someone that you care for. Treating them so kindly so they'll know you care and love them. Love in my eyes, is making that sacrifice for someone, knowing that you might regret it sooner or later. Love is how you make another person feel when you are in their presence. Love is the laughter that you share, the time you spend, and the relationship that you build with that special someone. Many people show or express their love for someone in many and different ways. For instance, there was an ancient Egyptian Poem that captivated my attention. While I was reading the poem it made me realize how more people view love the same way as I do. The poem is named Love, how I'd love to slip down to the pond. In the poem there were lines that helped me realize that love is not what you say, it is what you do. And in the poem there was a line that stood out far from the rest. It said, Just for you I'd wear my new Memphis swimsuit, made of sheer linen, fit for a queen- Come see how it looks in the water. Not caring about how she looks to others or how foolish she might feel, she entices her mate with a swimsuit that when wet it reveals all of the woman's body and leaves nothing to the imagination. As I read on I felt if she was talking to me. Leading me into the pond. I felt as if this is the case because throughout the whole poem no names were said, and there was no one who replied when she asked would you like to wade in with me? As I read on I then replied yes, yes I would join you. Why, you might ask. Because of her actions, not her words. The poet or woman shows that she wants to be with you instead of telling you. Remember, to me love is in the actions not the words. As I continued to read and reflect about love and how it is expressed, I remembered a poem that I had written to show my girl-friend how she makes me feel. The name of this poem is called, She Struts. She walks with beauty, grace, and style. Even on a bad day she makes me smile. Head held high when mine is low, she struts by sexy, sassy and slow. Asking, What's the matter?, as if she doesn't know. When there was no reply she turned, Sexy, sassy and slow. She looked in my face with hazel eyes and a smile Strutting toward me as if on a cat walk, Pausing then turning making my frown flip upside down She whispers in my ear softly, You love to see me this I know, But you love it more to see me go. Then turns and struts off sexy, sassy and slow. This poem like all of my others is about a woman and her actions. This particular woman is 19 years of age, five feet nine inches tall, with a stunning personality pursuing a modeling career. I named the poem She Struts because of the way she walks. As if always on the cat walk she prances by head straight, arms at her side. I really love this poem because I put much feeling and thought into it. But there are a few things that I would change. Well maybe not change, but perfect. As I look at it now after it's been a while since I wrote it I see some flaws. Like the section in

Darkness at Noon Revision Notes Essays

Darkness at Noon Revision Notes Essays Darkness at Noon Revision Notes Essay Darkness at Noon Revision Notes Essay Why does Nikolai Rubashov confess to offenses against the revolution that he has non committed? What are the political options open to Rubashov following his apprehension? Which option does he take? Are the deductions of the political statement in Arthur Koester’s Darkness at Noon anti-revolutionary or simply anti-Stalinist? Is Darkness at Noon an effort to explicate why the Russian Revolution in peculiar failed or is it an effort to explicate why all revolutions that rely on violent agencies to accomplish their terminals must neglect? What is the cardinal political statement of Arthur Koestler’s Darkness at Noon? What are the political deductions of his statement? Outline the most of import differences in the political outlook of Rubashov’s interrogators- Ivanov and Gletkin? What political options are unfastened to Rubashov after he is arrested? Following Rubashov’s arrest Ivanov gave the option of traveling through a public test by squealing to certain Acts of the Apostless. or holding a private administrative test. Public test: * This could take to the discrediting and weakening of the political orientation * Rubashov held a high place within the party. and for him to be seen as a dissenter would hold stirred other revolutionists * Would hold made it more hard for the party to discredit his positions if Rubashov did non publicly denounce himself * Doesn’t serve the revolution * Preserves his ain honor in some ways but is of no usage to the greater good Confess: * Rubashov capitulates in order to function the revolution and the party * Although he was non guilty of anything. he can non happen any ground in his ain head non to capitulate. Rubashov has been a animal of the party for his whole life. and now the party demands that he should squeal * Justice and nonsubjective truth have ceased to hold any significance for him * He feels superior to his Czarist officer who inhabits the following cell. demoing the differences in thought procedures from a individual ingrained with the party political orientation versus the bourgeois’ angle who would continue his honor * The officer believes that honor is about making what you think is right. an individualist position. where as Rubashov contends that to continue the honor of the regime/revolution is more honorable. Ideology dictates the actions of all participants in the government – citizen and province To function the revolution. Rubashov finds it necessary to capitulate – serves the greater good – it is better to squeal to offenses non committed than to put on the line the repute of the revolution for his ain honor – grammatical fiction: there is no I. This is a presentation of the corruptness of revolutions enacted through violent agencies. The means don’t warrant the terminals when the citizens are being overlooked – the revolution is supposed to move for the good of the people. but the political orientation has become corrupted to function the good of itself and its leader. Sketch the most of import differences in the political outlook of Rubashovâ₠¬â„¢s interrogators- Ivanov and Gletkin? Ivanov * He lived before the revolution. and was an rational who helped convey approximately and function the revolution * He is non a adult male of force – would prefer to carry Rubashov instead than crush him. Coercion is a last resort for him. but if it is necessary. he believes that the terminals do warrant the agencies. Gletkin * Gletkin is of the 2nd coevals of the revolution. He comes from a provincial background. is non an rational. Rubashov thinks of him as little more than a violent hood. * His political positions are hence those of the party. he accepts what is force fed to him without believing critically about it. * He is a adult male of force. He wants to crush and torment Rubashov to obtain his confession. Therefore he doesn’t believe in the thought of persuasion. However this does demo that he believes the terminal justifies the agencies. * Gletkin is the apogee of what Koestler argues went incorrect with the revolution – he represents totalitarian idea. and he is the sort of single that it produces. * born without an umbilical cord’

US History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

US History - Assignment Example Overall, more than forty million civilians were killed in the conflict, making WWII as deadly as it was world changing. These genocidal and wartime fatalities could have been prevented through a mutual adherence to a code of war and war conduct and the mutual adherence to this code, which was fashioned during the Treaty of Versailles. A more enforced adherence to the Treaty of Versailles and not to a theory of appeasement by the victors of WWI would’ve prevented Germany’s breach of the treaty and the start of WWII. Two long lasting effects of WII were the rise of United States (and U.S. patriotism) and the conception of powerful world organizations like the United Nations and The World Bank. 2. The progress of Civil rights from the Civil war to 1974 generally assumed a trend of separation of the Black people of America to an inclusion and integration as well as right to equal civil liberties within this inclusion. Figureheads in the civil rights movement include Abraham Lincoln, Jim Crow, Martin Luther King, Plessy vs. Ferguson, the NAACP, Black Power and Malcolm X, to name a

Organization Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organization Change - Essay Example Organizational change exists when a company makes a shift from its present to a desired future state. Management of change in an organization therefore involves intense planning and implementation of the change in a way that minimizes resistance from employees and cost while maximizing the effectiveness of the change effort. Oticon was well-established Danish company, which concentrated more on manufacturing hearing aids for its clients. However, despite high ranking over a long period, the company started experiencing losses and drop in sales (Nadler & Nadler, 1998). In saving the company, the new CEO Lars Kolind embarked on a mission to cut the cost to enhance reduction of expenses. With reference to Nadler’s integrated change agenda, Lars dedicated on changing the values of the company (Nadler & Nadler, 1998). Oticon initially concentrated on manufacturing high quality expensive products. As competition intensified, the sale of hearing aid products from Oticon began to drop because of the availability of lower cost products. Lars attempts were to change this perspective and ensure that Oticon products become the product of choice. Lars wanted to alter the values of the company and to shift focus on action and dialogue. Primarily, the actions were to ensure that Oticon remains creative, innovative and flexible (Nadler & Nadler, 1998). The dialogue was to involve all the employees to have fresh thinking on any latest idea that would apply to enhance Oticon’s competitive edge and profitability. A vital recommendation at times of organization change is employee involvement. The most important asset for an enterprise is its employees. It is fundamental to inform all employees of impending organizational changes. An evident explanation of every change is imperative. Informed employees will be more receptive to change, however, an employee who has no information about the change will resist it even if the change has a positive effect.

Business Research and Professional Skill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Research and Professional Skill - Essay Example This is effectively achieved by ways of in themselves creating this very economy of scale; expanding business operations helps them lower the marginal cost of production allowing them to therefore provide a favorable pricing policy within the market. In achieving the aforementioned, firms must build up capacity. The attention of managers-and researchers alike-has been commonly directed towards assets in the sense of physical (fixed and current) and monetary assets (optimal capital structure) of the firm in achieving this objective. Perhaps as an oversight or of limited interest is the aspect of human resource and its contribution towards this end. Human resource policies usually come into light when matters of corporate governance and ethics in business practice are highlighted; and rightly so. A need therefore presents itself to examine whether the scope of human resource policies extend beyond the limited precincts of governance and organizational culture into its influence on capacity building in medium size manufacturing firms aiming to move to the next level of operations. Organizational culture is created for through the organizations core values as stated within the company’s vision, mission and objectives (VMO) clause. The determination of this clause is restricted within the periphery of strategic decision makers involving the top level management (also referred to as C-level management since their usually have a prefix chief in their title for example chief executive officer, chief finance officer, chief marketing director and so on, so forth ). It is this organizational culture that provides identity to the firm within the public, thereby, distinguishing it from other organizations and by extension, their products in the market. Therefore, this research aims at exploring the efficacy of the human resource policies employed as far as the managerial effect contributes to the performance of

Safe System of Work for Equipment at Height

Safe System of Work for Equipment at Height Introduction Construction industry’s industrial accidents is more than other industries. The accident rate per 1000 workers was 35.9. Among which the highest number of deaths involved in working at height. Which were related to â€Å"fall of person from height†. Working at height in the construction work involving of temporary or transient working environment condition means a lot of inherent hazards and potential hazards. Construction work, safety in the work place is very important, it is essential. Therefore, must take the necessary security measures to ensure the safety operation. Background I am a manager of the Engineering Department of Excellent Property Management Limited. Recently, I observe that fatal accidents involving working at height is a major trend in 2013. While the workers of our company and the outsourced contractors in the estates and plazas are using various facilities in performing their jobs in working at heights. Objective A study of four commonly used equipment for working at height: ladders, mobile type tubular scaffolds, elevated working platforms and bamboo scaffolds. Analyze their function, limitations, risk and encountered in the work processes. Provide relating local safety legislations, Codes of Practices and guidance to the workers. It should to develop for the safe system of work. Which procedural inspected work tasks to find the potential hazards, Inherent risks. Providing the safety and heath policy or strategies in controlling the hazards and demonstrate the understanding of common health and safety management system. Equipment for working at height The common of equipment in working at height: ladders, mobile type tubular scaffolds, elevated working platforms and bamboo scaffolds. Ladders Ladders are the most common ancillary tools for working at height. A simple tools for gaining access to higher levels. Therefore, involving highest number of workers are injured while working at height. Functions of ladders: Portable, easy and convenient. Widely used in various construction units. Easy storage Limitations for use of ladders: Inspect the ladder before every times and regularly afterwards. Must check the ladder side and ladder steps has burst, it has broken rung ladder before use, and whether there are loose or anti-slide pedal to lose and so on. Indicate whether the ladder meets safety standards. Pay attention to the ladder’s safe working load, make sure not to exceed the load when using. Where a handhold is available on the ladder. Ladder placed on a firm and level ground Ladders must be firmly in supporting the matter, if not fastened to the ladder, the ladder should be located under one reference help. Ladders only for 2 meters below the lightweight work Not suitable for long duration or high frequency for work at height. Not suitable for long duration or high frequency for work at height. At a height of 2m or more, ladders only be used for access and egress, and not a place to work During ascent, work and descent on ladder, worker should be capable of retaining three points of contact with the ladder. Ladders must be at the proper angle eyes on the supports, the angle is too large or too small can lead to accidents. Strict compliance with the manufacture’s instructions and safety warnings. Risk for use ladders: fall of person from height The footwear is from mud or grease before climbing up a ladder. The ladder is unstable and resting on an uneven and soft soil ground. The insufficient space behind the steps to provide a proper footing. Never overload the ladder, more than one person is working from a ladder Which should be avoided as far as possible for using ladders: Use any ladder that is already bent or ladder steps has burst Connect short ladders together to form long ones. Overstretch the body to either sides of the ladder. Position the ladder at the place where working Paint something on ladder to cover up crack and defects. Ladders are used as a working platform. Not following the manufacture’s instructions and safety warnings. Not compliant with international safety standards. Training for worker: The worker for use ladder must have related safety training or supervise to guidance to the workers. The correct technique for climbing of ladder. (Three-point contact) Elevated Working Platforms The elevated working platforms is very convenient for ancillary tools for working at height. This is considered to be work equipment that prevents a fall. It is a manned to working at height, such as ceiling maintenance work , repair and cleaning the height air conditioning, lighting or external wall. Limitations for use of elevated working platform: Consider the work requirement the carrying capacity, height of elevation, mobility and stability. The elevated working platform should be match for operation site, on the road and environmental conditions and limitation. The safety passageway for access and egress from the elevated working platforms The important point is the manufacturer or the agents company provides training course on operations, inspection, identify risks, initial fault strain, Fault reporting mechanism and operation of the elevated working platforms. Start to inspect and test the platform before use every time Calculate and record the every time loading weight for manned and equipment to be ensure not exceed the limitation maximum safety work loading. Ensure the elevated working platforms have guard-rails is hard, stable and secure. Has a slip-resistant floor. Install of the toe-boards round at the edge of the platform. Ensure the operation is horizontal level during the rising and falling, does not occur uneven phenomenon. Enclosed working area of the elevated working platform to avoid endangering others persons Must wear safety harnesses with lanyards securely attached to platform’s anchorage points. Risk for use elevated working platforms: Fall of person from height for guard-rail loose or broken. The workers by injured on elevated working platform due to the platform move. The elevated working platform and worker are falling due to exceed the limitation maximum safety work loading. Which should be avoided as far as possible for using elevated working platforms: Move the elevated working platforms when the workers still on it Not secure all guard-rails of the elevated working platforms. Excessive dependence and sit on guard-rails of the elevated working platforms. Riding on the guard-rails up to higher level for working. Lean over out of the work platform outside. Ignore the examine, test and maintain the platform regularly. Work in the absence of adequate of adequate training and instructions Training for worker: The worker for use elevated working platform must have related safety training or supervise to guidance to the workers. The worker should be have the following knowledge, before starting to work: detailed safety operating procedures specified by the manufacturer; limitations on using the elevated working platform; limitations on working loading; items to check before using the elevated working platform; and demonstration and practice on the operating procedures. Mobile type tubular scaffolds Mobile type tubular scaffolds is for temporary structure to support work and access platforms. Mobile type tubular scaffolds can be used for different purposes in different construction activities. To building, dismantling and modifying of scaffolding must be carried out in compliance with the Construction Sites (Safety) Regulations and Codes of Practice for Bamboo and Metal Scaffolding Safety of the Labour Department. Limitations for use of mobile type tubular scaffolds: The safety passageway for access and egress from the mobile type tubular scaffolds. Suitable tail: 900mm – 1150mm top rail, 450mm -600mm mid rail and minimum 200mm high toe board. Toe boards must rise at least 200mm. Has a fencing and outriggers in mobile tower Not suitable for outdoor work in strong winds and inclement weather. Provide enough supporting point to fixing the scaffolding to the building. That could have an adverse effect of weather conditions on the scaffolding work should be constantly monitored and should be taken and provide to maintain the stability of the scaffold and the plant, equipment and works. The Scaffolding should be provide and setting with double guard rails and toe boards. Additional measure such as nylon net is also required to prevent materials, tools or equipment falling. The boards and planks should be unpainted so that any defects are readily visible. To building, dismantling and modifying of scaffolding must be conducted by trained worker under the immediate supervision of a competent person. Boards and planks used in the construction of working platform should be protected against splitting. Mobile type tubular scaffolds placed on a firm and level ground, on different ground surface require different support: Hard surface – is sufficient hardness and thickness to support the scaffolding, but preferably to be placed on a base plate. Other surfaces – is any type of flooring or paving which would be penetrated by a standard with a base plate beneath it or if there is doubt about the surface, should be used base plates or metal packing plates at the bottom of the standards. The supports for a scaffold should be maintained in an adequate condition during the life of the scaffold. The width of working platform of the scaffold not less than 400mm. The group of boards across the width of the scaffold should be consistent with the same length, with all boards of the same thickness. The angle of ladder for the ratio of vertical with horizontal level not more than 4 to 1. Risk of toppling when using mobile type tubular scaffolds: Over the carrying capacity for the top of the working platform. A ladder is placed on the top of working platform to extend to gaining access higher level. The tower is placed on sloping or uneven ground. Which should be avoided as far as possible for using mobile type tubular scaffolds: Move the elevated working platforms when the workers still on it Climb a mobile type tubular scaffold when the wheels are unlocked. In windy or severe weather conditions to use a mobile type tubular scaffold for outdoor work. Move the mobile type tubular scaffold when workers or materials still on the working platform. Training for worker: A trained workman has satisfactorily completed a formal training in metal scaffolding works equivalent to any of those mentioned for a competent person or has satisfactorily passed the intermediate trade test for metal scaffolder of the CICTA and possesses at least 1 year of experience in metal scaffolding works. (Under the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance). Inspected by a competent person before being taken into use for the first time. Inspected by a competent person at regular intervals not exceeding 14 days immediately preceding each use of the scaffold. In respect of scaffolding safety, the worker are subject to the requirements of the following regulations: 38A, 38AA, 38B, 38C, 38D, 38E, 38F, 38H, 38I, 48, 49, 52, Bamboo scaffolds Bamboo scaffold is a temporary structure to work and access platforms. Common in the construction , renovation and repair work. Bamboo scaffold use natural material, cheap and can be recycled. While its flexibility suitable for use on any project, workers can quickly change or bamboo cut to the desired length and shape. Bamboo is lightweight, easy to transport, erect and modify and dismantle is shorter time than other type scaffolding. Limitations for use of bamboo scaffolds: Erection and dismantling the bamboo scaffolding must be in compliance with the Construction Sites (safety) Regulations and Codes of Practice of Bamboo and Metal Scaffolding Safety of the Labour Department. The bamboo higher than 15m, should be designed and approved by professional engineer. Should be provide sufficient support point to secure to the bamboo scaffold with the building or structure to prevent collapse. For avoid materials from material, tools and debris from falling should be erect catch-fans, nylon net and protection screen at the bamboo scaffold. Ensure the Form 5 is duly signed and valid. Suitable tail: 900mm – 1150mm top rail, 450mm -600mm mid rail and minimum 200mm high toe board. Risk of using bamboo scaffolds: Toppling when over the carrying capacity for the bamboo platform. Material or tool from falling when no provide sufficient additional measure to prevent from falling. Toppling when no provide sufficient measure to secured the bamboo scaffold to prevent severe weather. Which should be avoided as far as possible for using bamboo scaffolds: In windy or severe weather conditions to use bamboo scaffold for outdoor work. Working when the bamboo scaffolding is unfinished state. Use incorrect and unsafe method to dismantle bamboo scaffolds. Avoid the demolition bamboo falling on the ground directly and immediately, workers should be one pass one or use vertical transport measure to the ground. Training for worker: Erection, alteration and dismantling of bamboo scaffold must be conducted by trained workmen under the immediate supervision of a competent person. Trained workmen must have formal training in, and possess at least 3 years of experience of, bamboo scaffolding work. Legislative requirements and guidance materials Codes of Practice for Bamboo and Metal Scaffolding Safety Codes of Practice for Metal Scaffolding Safety Practical Guide to Working at Height: Ensuring Safe Work Practices Safe System of Work Safety Guide for Bamboo Scaffolding Work Safety at Work – A Guide to Ladders and Elevated Working Platforms Beware of Fall at Work Guidance Notes on Classification and Use of Safety Belts and their Anchorage System Construction Safety – Working at Height Construction Sites (Safety) Regulations Statutory General Duties Requirements under Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance –Section 6. Conclusion Recommendation For the above measure for working at height, there should be avoid working at outdoor when under windy or severe weather environment conditions. In tools, should be provide workers with tool straps to prevent the tools from falling and provide the tools can be extended to avoid: the worker to lean over out of the work platform outside; riding on the guard-rails up to higher level for working; overstretch the body to either sides of the ladder; connect short ladders together to form long ones. Mark the carrying capacity indicates on the measure prominently displayed to ensure not overload. Clean up the ground near at working at height to reduce the workers from falling additional damage. Use the ladders for working at height should be provide more one worker to accompanied the work, who is responsible for tool storage to avoid the ladder user loss of balance. Considering work preparation and authorization requires at the start of any job. Ensuring safe work methods and necessary measures and including a safe means of access and escape. References: Codes of Practice for Bamboo and Metal Scaffolding Safety (Labour Department) Codes of Practice for Metal Scaffolding Safety (Labour Department) Practical Guide to Working at Height: Ensuring Safe Work Practices (Hong Kong Housing Authority) Safety Guide for Bamboo Scaffolding Work (Labour Department) Safety at Work – A Guide to Ladders and Elevated Working Platforms (Labour Department) LC Paper No. CB(2)279/13-14(05) – (Legislative Council Panel on Manpower) Code of Practice on the Design and Construction of Tower Working Platforms – (Electrical and Mechanical Services Department) Industry-based Committees Bulletins 41th Issue, Safe Use or Mobile Aluminum Towers – (Occupational Safety’s Health Council)

Plastic People :: Media Movies Pleasantville Essays

Plastic People Disney is famous for bringing fantasy to life. The Disney theme parks are among the most visited in the world. So shouldn’t it make sense that people would want to live in a similar idealistic sort of atmosphere? It just may be possible in the town of Celebration. Then again it may be just like living in a tourist attraction. Russ Rymer expresses his personal disapproval of manufactured communities in his essay, Back to the Future: Disney Reinvents the Company Town. The movie â€Å"Pleasantville† exemplifies Rymer’s premonition of the results of such controlled communities. Both sources make it evident that with out foundation, culture or variety, a community is far from perfect. One of the first problems with the town is that it was built with out a foundation. The whole town was built at once. There have never been any causes to fight for, or differences to solve. With out these essentials, the town has no character. Going through such hard ships only make an individual stronger. The same thing can be said for a community. Never having to face loss of security can make people arrogant and unaware of what they should appreciate. The only symbol that represents the town is a picture of a girl on a bike with a dog behind her. This symbol along with the name of the town is generic. One of the most important aspects of a town is the character that defines it. Part of what gives something character is history. A town with no history has no definition. Fake towns share this quality. Cities and towns on TV or in the movies often have no personality. In the movie â€Å"Pleasantville† this concept is created artistically. The movie is about a town on an old black and white television show. This town has no personality at all. In fact it doesn’t even have color. Everyone appears, acts and thinks the same way. No one dares to think outside the box. There are no worries except for perhaps the occasional cat up a tree. There exists no crime, no disappointments, no sickness, and no weight gain. There is one major department store, one diner, one television shop etc., etc. There is no variety or creativity. There are no individuals. As result of no foundation, a community will automatically lack a second important element.

5 Ways of St. Thomas

First Way:Â  The Argument From Motion St. Thomas Aquinas, studying the works of the Greek philsopher Aristotle, concluded from common observation that an object that is in motion (e. g. the planets, a rolling stone) is put in motion by some other object or force. From this, Aquinas believes that ultimately there must have been an UNMOVED MOVER (GOD) who first put things in motion. Follow the agrument this way: 1) Nothing can move itself. 2) If every object in motion had a mover, then the first object in motion needed a mover. 3) This first mover is the Unmoved Mover, called God. Second Way:Â  Causation Of ExistenceThis Way deals with the issue of existence. Aquinas concluded that common sense observation tells us that no object creates itself. In other words, some previous object had to create it. Aquinas believed that ultimately there must have been an UNCAUSED FIRST CAUSE (GOD) who began the chain of existence for all things. Follow the agrument this way: 1) There exists things t hat are caused (created) by other things. 2) Nothing can be the cause of itself (nothing can create itself. ) 3) There can not be an endless string of objects causing other objects to exist. 4) Therefore, ther must be an uncaused first cause called God.Third Way:Â  Contingent and Neccessary Objects This Way defines two types of objects in the universe: contingent beings and necessary beings. A contingent being is an object that can not exist without a necessary being causing its existence. Aquinas believed that the existence of contingent beings would ultimately neccesitate a being which must exist for all of the contingent beings to exist. This being, called a necessary being, is what we call God. Follow the argument this way: 1) Contingent beings are caused. 2) Not every being can be contingent. 3) There must exist a being which is necessary to cause contingent beings. ) This necessary being is God. Fourth Way:Â  The Agrument From Degrees And Perfection St. Thomas formulated thi s Way from a very interesting observation about the qualities of things. For example one may say that of two marble scultures one is more beautiful than the other. So for these two objects, one has a greater degree of beauty than the next. This is referred to as degrees or gradation of a quality. From this fact Aquinas concluded that for any given quality (e. g. goodness, beauty, knowledge) there must be an perfect standard by which all such qualities are measured. These perfections are contained in God.Fifth Way:Â  The Agrument From Intelligent Design The final Way that St. Thomas Aquinas speaks of has to do with the observable universe and the order of nature. Aquinas states that common sense tells us that the universe works in such a way, that one can conclude that is was designed by an intelligent designer, God. In other words, all physical laws and the order of nature and life were designed and ordered by God, the intellgent designer. A more complete explanation of St. Thomas' Fifth Way about God as Intelligent Designer can be seen on my web page dedicated to Paley's Teleological Argument.

Implication of Market Imperfections for Economic Development Finance Essay

As the period section shows, the operation of capital markets does not match the assumptions underlying perfect competition but instead is characterized by market imperfections that can create capital availability gaps. Despite the united states well developed capital markets, a firm’s location, industry, amount and form of capital needed and the number and type of financial institutions serving its area can all affect its access to capital. Nonetheless, some common capital markets imperfection first, equity capital in amount below several million dollars is not available from public markets and institutional sources. Moreover, for small and early stage firms, equity capital is largely limited to firms in â€Å"hot† industries with perceived high growth potential. Second, debt capital for small firms and in amounts below several million dollars in largely available from private financial institutions. Thus, debt availability is dependent on competition and lending polices within the local banking and commercial finance market. Small business and real estates loan below $50,000 are not available from private financial institutions in most markets and in some cases the threshold may be higher furthermore, regulatory policies, cyclical economic conditions and limited competition all affect the cost and availability of debt. Several implications for economic development finance practice emerge from this analysis. First, local economic and financial market conditions shape capital supply gaps. Therefore, to design effective intervention strategies, practitioners need to understand local capital market conditions, the private financial institutions active in their region and how their business strategies and lending policies affect capital supply. The formal aspects of capital market analysis and its application to program design, since capital markets are dynamic, with conditions changing capital availability and economic development from year to year, practitioners also gain critical knowledge through their ongoing engagement in financing transactions and dialogue with private financial institutions, firms and industry associations, second, development finance professionals are in the business of expanding the supply of small amounts of capital and higher risk capital. These are the most ubiquitous capital supply gaps to address. Finally, the private capital market are the potential imperfection competition (supply side) information access transaction costs rational profit maximizing behavior regulatory factors conclusion public equity market extensive publicly available information provided by firms. Firms followed by analyst, high costs to firm for legal, disclosure, printing and underwriter’s fees cyclical factors and fads affect investor demand, may be discrimination for or against certain industries impose high transaction costs not viable for raising small amount of equity below several million dollars public debt market extensive. Extensive publicly available information provided by firm credit ratings available high costs to firm for legal, disclose printing and underwriter’s fees cyclical factors and fads affect investor demand, may be discrimination for or against certain industries impose high transaction costs not viable for raising small amounts of debt below several million dollars private equity market limited, depends on location, investment and sector must be collected and analyzed by investor may not be feasible for small transactions low to moderate cost. Primarily for legal work cyclical factors and fads affects investor demand, may be discrimination for or against certain industries non regulated hard to raise small amounts of equity. Available largely for firms with very high growth potential and capacity for IPO or acquisition private debt market moderate, depends on location, investment and sector must be collected and analyzed by lender, may not be feasible for small transactions low to moderate costs primarily for legal work regulations affect types of loans. Discrimination for or against certain industries, type of firms, location etc, may occur limits types and level of risk, banks are required to meet community credit needs most important capital source for small firms and development projects, limited supply of long term debt, small loans and riskier financing. Most important financing source for small business and small scale or unconventional development projects, both of which will have little access to the public markets. Developing relationships with and designing programs that work in tandem with key private capital market institutions, especially commercial banks and venture capital firms, is central to the work of economic development finance. Expanding capital availability for economic development entails two types of market interventions. 1)Perfecting the operation of existing capital markets and 2)Creating alternative development finance institutions.  The first form of intervention changes the operation of private capital market institution either by eliminating the sources of market imperfections that create capital gaps or changing the behaviors, perceptions and risk preferences of private finance and institutions. Practitioners produce the greatest impact by changing the performance of existing capital markets since they are the primary means for financing economic activity and allocate hundreds of billions of dollars of capital. This critical area of economic development finance practice involves three interventions. Risk sharing tools and policies that encourage private sector institutions to bear greater risks and extend higher risk debt financing. Loan guarantees are the most common example of risk sharing. Other approaches include portfolio based loan insurance and financial incentives. Chapter 8 focus on these interventions. Bank regulatory polices can reduce barriers to economic. Development investments by financial intermediaries and create incentives and standards to expand services, lending and investment for economic development purposes banks also provide an institutional platform that development finance practitioners can use to address disinvestment and capital market failure. The use of banking regulations and banking institutions to expand capital availability is the focus of absorbing information and other transaction costs for private lenders and investors by collecting and generating information, preparing financing applications, analyzing potential investment or servicing loans. This is a cross cutting approach that is discussed under program models. Despite the importance of expanding capital availability through private sector financial markets, there are limits to the first intervention strategy. When the institutional structure of capital markets does not support the channeling of sufficient capital to regional economic development needs or when capital availability and economic development. Private financial intermediaries are too risk averse, it become necessary to establish alternative financial institution to ensure capital availability. New public sector, non profit and community based financial institution can re-direct the region’s own savings and attract external funds to expand the supply of capital to business enterprises and development projects, five alternative development finance institutions are covered in this book, revolving loans funds, a common and easily adaptable finance program. Economic development finance involves using both strategies, often in complementary and synergistic ways. For example, or region might create loan guarantee programs to expand bank financing for higher risk small business debt of $100,000 or more while also creating a new revolving loan fund or micro enterprise fund to supply debt in smaller amounts. Similarly state regulations might be altered to allow increased bank, insurance company and pension fund investment in venture capital while new quasi public intermediaries are created to manage this new source of private equity capital. These are only two examples of many ways in which both intervention strategies can be combined. Each community will create its own examples based on local economic development goals and opportunities and in accordance with its capital market environment. As an entry point into economic development finance. However this presents an incomplete picture of financial markets, ignoring the demand side of the market place, economic development finance practice also requires an understanding of the financing needs of small businesses and development projects and what forms of capital should be supplied to address these needs. Additionally, practitioners needs skills to manage individuals financing transactions such as evaluating whether business or development project can productively use capital and defining the appropriate type and terms of financing to offer.

Native Americans transition from freedom to isolation

Native Americans transition from freedom to isolation Introduction The American civil war, which begun in 1861and ended in 1865 is regarded as one of the most violent wars experienced in the history of United States of America. At least 620,000 soldiers died during this war, which was estimated to be 2% of the American population by then.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Native Americans transition from freedom to isolation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The war caused havoc and destruction in the south wiping off about two thirds of the appraised value of the southern wealth, destroying more than half of the regions farm machinery, consuming two-fifths of southern livestock and killing one quarter of southern white males between the ages of 20 and 40 (David 1996). In the mid nineteenth century, America as a nation had conflicting ideological and cultural indifferences as it attempted to adopt the agrarian revolution traditions. Although the country had enjoyed un ity for more than 60 years, political, cultural economic and social differences were the cause of the crisis in 1861 that erupted into a civil war. The consequences of the war were termed as being more positive rather than negative to the country as a whole. According to Abraham Lincoln, the civil war brought to America a new birth of freedom as the war enlightened the people about slavery and destroying slavery paved way to freedom. Reconstruction after the war was an opportunity to adopt and embrace new changes in the southern society placing Native Americans in a new redefined society life. Lifestyle of natives American The period between 1862 and 1865 was a time during which all Native Americans all over the continent were struggling for sovereignty. The civil war attracted many people dwelling in America especially the Native Americans who comprised of various tribe’s, bands and nations. During the civil war, the Native Americans served in both federal government and the confederate states of America military. Even though they participated in the war, they did so knowing very well that, they could be putting at risk their freedom, inimitable cultures and ancestral lands if at all they lost in the war. Most of the American natives lived in the west of Mississippi river. About 360,000 of the American natives were American Indians who were confined in an Indian Territory what is today known as Oklahoma. The American Indians are said to have occupied and lived in America 9,500 years before the arrival of the first Europeans explorers. From the arguments of many anthropologists and archeologist, the first people to arrive in America most probably arrived during the last ice age period of about 20,000-30,000 years ago when they used the bridge at Bering Sound in the northeastern part of Siberia to cross over to Alaska.Advertising Looking for term paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"The name â€Å"Indian† was first referred to them by Christopher Columbus, an European explorer, who while in search of a shorter route to India mistakenly came across the islands of America which were part of the Indies in Asia hence the name Indians† (James et al 2010). Native Americans lived in small groups and tribes. Since they were not domesticated and primitive, the American Indians used their hunting skills to kill their prey which they would later bring back to their families as a source of food. Their houses were known as longhouses, which had a rectangular shape and constructed using barks covering. These homes had one thing in common, they had smoke hole in the roof, and the entrance doors were low and covered with animal’s skins, while fires in their homes burned inside their houses all the time both day and night. Everyone in these communities had specific work entitled to them in accordance to gender and age. Men were the head of the families and for this reason they were responsible for bringing food they hunted, protect their families from animals and enemies and cure diseases while the women gathered forest foods and reaped corn in preparation to serve a meal for their families. Women were also responsible of nurturing their children while children helped when necessary as a way of preparing themselves for adulthood. Coming of the Europeans In the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, the Europeans started to stream immigrants into the northern and eastern parts of America. This is where they discovered a new kind of society that was very different compared to theirs (Larry, 1986). The natives themselves were amazed by the physical appearances of the Europeans since they were white in complexion compared to their reddish natural skin colour complexion. They also had a very differently mode of dressing from the natives which was deerskins with decors from shell beads or porcupine quills, feathers and other unique ornaments. Apart from that, Europeans had a unique kind of technology with them that made them even more perplexed. This wonderful technology comprised of the fire-belching harquebus and cannon, steel knives, mirrors, hawk bells, earrings swords, copper and brass kettles, and much more wonderful things. In American history, the European exploration is termed as one of the greatest event with ecological impacts since it led to the increase in population of the Americans. The increase in population is as a result of the mass movement of people to embrace ‘new world’. The movement caused conflicts between the Europeans and the natives of the American land (Bowles 2011).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Native Americans transition from freedom to isolation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Impact of European settlement For a long time since their arrival, the Europeans and the natives coexis ted peacefully as they learned different things from each other since they both had totally different lifestyles. The two societies were able to trade food, fur coats, and beads for weapons, glass while the Indian children enjoyed playing with European toys. The two societies had very contrasting ideas in relation to personal wealth and ownership. According to the Europeans, only those who were rich had the opportunity to own land and strongly believed that once this rich person dies, the land is to passed on to family signifying honor and pride this was contrary to Indians beliefs. Indians believed that property is owned by a tribe, land was a sacred asset and it belonged to no individual person but to a family as a whole. The Indians had a rule that states that ‘everything on the earth is given to all, and each person deserves their own share’. Thereafter, conflicts erupted. Europeans appeared to be oblivious to the culture and traditions of the Indians. They were arr ogant and materialist in terms of land, animals and plants in presence, a gesture that was not appealing to the Indians. This was the beginning of indifferences among the two societies. Conflicts among Native American brought about wars and desperate struggles between the native people and white people for the rich lands that became the United States (Larry, 1986). Europeans desired to conquer the new continent because of what they viewed as materialist opportunity. Their main aim was to force out the natives from their own land compelling them to relocate in order to acquire and own these rich lands for profit. The Europeans perceived this new land as a land of great opportunities hence the motive for pushing the Native Americans into the west to where the Indians were. Their arrival brought about agricultural revolution and several other environmental changes as the Europeans colonies established new and permanent settlements in the Indian country. There was a transformed world as Europeans arrival accelerated already manifested practices of the native community (James et al 2010). These practices included; gradual collapse of chiefdoms, steady coalescence of smaller groups to large communities and introduction of new diseases.Advertising Looking for term paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the onset of the ‘new Indian world’ people become aware that they was scarce resources and therefore it resulted to war between themselves in order to acquire what they thought was of value to build and maintain a viable community this was the ‘human asset’. One of the main reason for the war erupting is the introduction of new technology with no way of defeating the Europeans so the natives watched helplessly their society crumble down slowly. Once the Europeans destroyed the way of life of the natives, it was difficult for many indigenous groups to maintain their traditional methods even if they wanted to. The American Indian had no powerful incentive to dream up new technologies to assist human survival. Since their arrival, the Europeans impact toward the natives was negative. The Native Americans suffered in the arms of the Europeans whereby the Native Americans were treated badly as Europeans did whatever they wished with them. At first the natives were determined to defeat their visitors but as soon as a group of the Native Americans rose to challenge the Europeans and stand up for themselves, the Europeans with their advanced technology would quickly put them down. Comparing the native’s weapons which comprised of bows and arrows and the Europeans weapons which comprised of canons and guns, the natives had a hard time battling with the Europeans. It was rare for the Native Americans to fall ill and they had built sweathouses that they used to purify themselves of ills and evil spirits. Richard (2000) notes that, â€Å"the natives had not come into contact with these kinds of diseases from the old world since they were separated from Asia, Africa and Europe by vast water bodies and ice.† Diseases like measles, pneumonia, influenza, malaria and small pox were new to these people. The Europeans are to be held responsible for bringing these diseases to the native’s lands and infecting the native people. Sin ce the diseases were introduced into America, the population of the native people dropped significantly since these people were not immune to such kind of diseases. In just a span of twenty years, about 50% of the American native population had been wiped out many of them dying because of the diseases. The increased number of deaths sparked rage among the natives as they started doubting and questioning their beliefs and religion since they could not understand why their people were dying as they had never experienced anything like these deadly diseases before the arrival of the Europeans. These made them believe that Europeans had the ability to kill and give life to people. Europeans way of life was very different from the natives. They were used to owning land and claiming its ownership arguing that Indians had no land value and no interest to owning any part of the land hence they decided to evacuate them. These conflicts brought about Indian wars, signing of an act ‘India n Removal Act’ that permitted the removal of Indians from their own land signed by President Andrew Jackson in 1830, including passing of several acts that favored European interest at that time. The war was a great disadvantage to Native Americans since they were few in numbers due to deaths brought about by lack of immunity to new diseases, their nomadic way of life prevented them from having advanced weapons, their weapons were blunt clubs and could only manage to wound and not kill their enemies. They also lacked unified of cooperation among themselves to enhance their defense. On the other hand, Europeans succeeded in conquering the natives due to their advanced weapons like the canons and guns which were considered to have played a major role. But the fact was that they only instilled fear, a psychological effect on the Native Americans as they were also well armed with Spaniards steel swords and daggers which were very sharp with the ability to slaughter the Indians. T hey also possessed horses and horsemen who could override the Indians before they could inform their fellow Indians of an invasion. These horses provided the Europeans with speed of surprise attack and a platform where Europeans could protect themselves during a fight as they could flee before their enemies could succeed in attempting to retaliate. The once peaceful community was now being faced with harsh treatment from colonialists. They had to endure several new and deadly diseases, enslavement and wars. Europeans took advantage during these wars and killed Native Americans indiscriminately. A major setback for the natives was an inconsistency in cooperation among themselves in order to build a strong defense group. This was due to the fact that there were a number of American Indians who were in support of European actions while others did not approve any of what the Europeans were doing. During the American revolutionary war, war between various American Indians tribes accelera ted (Celia, 2003). The new American settlers were struggling with the British people to support the native Americans and the nations in the east of Mississippi therefore many native Americans supported the early European settlers with the expectation of stopping the expansion of colonization in the continent. Unfortunately, the European settlers continued to expand the horizons in which they colonized either forcefully or through mutual understanding. The isolation and concentration of Indian Americans can be traced to this period after the justification of the Indian removal act in 1830. Most of the Indians who were located in the eastern parts of the Mississippi river were relocated to the western part of the river. Some of the groups relocated include: â€Å"Seneca, a group that was evicted from the state of New York and later settled in northeastern part of Oklahoma; the Sauk Indians who were evicted from Midwest and settled in a small area northern central Oklahoma; the Cherok ee who were evicted from Southeast to Oklahoma. Those Indians who refused to move west were forced to give up large tracks of their lands, which they had control over and were concentrated on increasingly small and geographically isolated areas† (Alvin, Joane Troy 1999). The population of European origin in the United States continued to increase in the late 1800 mounting more pressure on the Native Americans to give up more of their new land. The expulsion process was accomplished mostly through peaceful treaties while at times it involved violence. These new lands given to the Indians were regarded by the whites as undesirable and were located far from major population centers, trails and transportation routes. During the 19th century, United States government policies aimed at isolating and concentrating Indians in areas with scarce natural resources, detached from the emergent United States wealth. Conclusion The act signed by President Andrew Jackson in 1830, ‘the Indian Removal Act,’ essentially could be blamed for taking away any remaining opportunity of sovereignty and freedom for the Native Americans. Literature has constantly shown that these Americans left their original land by choice though this has raised a lot of criticism. Celia (2003) claimed that Native Americans endured immense pressure from European settlers to move away and due to their marginal numbers they had to concede the pressure. Since the European arrival they had been alienated mentally from their beliefs, cultures and practices as the Europeans tried to convince them to adopt to the ‘new culture’ so that they do not feel isolated but rather feel like Americans. Unfortunately, the Native American practices have been erased in an effort to make people believe that Europeans were the first people to settle in America. Towards the end of the 19th century, due to the sub-standard way of life in the isolated reservation, the federal government changed i ts primary approach to the â€Å"Indian problem† from a forced isolation to forced assimilation and now concerns about the reservation problems were resembled in many aspects. Native Americans living on reservations disproportionately lacked access to both basic and advanced technologies because poor infrastructure makes the cost of obtaining new modern technology equipment very expensive. The assimilation was achieved through allotment policy and the first allotment legislation (the Dawes Act) that was first enacted in 1887 and required that the land be sub-divided into smaller pieces so as to give the Indians an opportunity to do farming or ranching since they were the main occupations in the areas where Indians occupied. References Alvin M. J., Joane N., Troy R. J. (1999). Red power: the American Indians fight for freedom. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Bowles, M. (2011). A history of the United States since 1865. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint. Celia, B. (2003). Nati ve American power in the United States, 1783-1795. Madison, NJ: Farleigh Dickinson University Press. David, L. V. (1996). Native American Economic Development on Selected Reservations a Comparative Analysis, American journal of Economics and Sociology. Vol 4 (9) p. 9-45. James, S. O. et al (2010).The Ethnic Dimension in American History. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Larry, W. B. (1986). Roots of the Native American urban experience relocation policy in the 1950s. Journal of American Indian Quarterly. Vol-10, 45. Richard, F. (2000). Native Americans: the indigenous peoples of North America Living through history. Mankato, MN; Heinemann.